
The future of the internet is rapidly taking shape through blockchain technology. However, the complexity of managing multiple wallets, paying gas fees in different tokens, and navigating fragmented liquidity across various chains still stands in the way of widespread adoption. Both developers and end-users often find Web3 too complicated to use. To overcome these hurdles, the blockchain community has shifted its focus to chain abstraction—a strategy that hides the complexities of different chains and makes Web3 experiences as intuitive as browsing the web.
Okto aims to lead this transformation through a specialized middleware layer that takes away the hassles of Web3. By merging innovative ideas and cutting-edge research, Okto has created an architecture that streamlines chain abstraction and opens the door to a more accessible blockchain ecosystem for everyone, from developers to newcomers.
In this blog, we’ll explore the Okto Layer in depth, looking at how it tackles Web3’s biggest challenges. We’ll walk through each of its key components—Decentralized Wallet Networks (DWNs), Unified Liquidity Layer (ULL), and Decentralized Transaction Networks (DTNs)—and see how they collectively pave the way for a more user-friendly, interconnected blockchain future.
TL;DR:
The Okto Layer simplifies Web3 by abstracting the complexities of blockchain technology, enabling seamless, user-friendly interactions. It achieves this through four core components:
Decentralized Wallet Networks (DWNs): Unified, secure wallets across multiple chains.
Unified Liquidity Layer (ULL): Efficient cross-chain swaps powered by ERC-7683.
Decentralized Transaction Networks (DTNs): Automation of multi-chain transactions.
The Okto Chain: A trustless coordination layer ensuring transparency and decentralization.
Together, these components eliminate technical hurdles, making blockchain accessible to developers and end-users alike.
What is Okto Layer?
The Okto Layer is a specialized middleware designed to simplify how people build and use blockchain applications. You can think of it like a universal bridge that connects many blockchains on one side to the apps that run on them on the other. Instead of forcing you to learn every detail about every chain, the Okto Layer does the “heavy lifting,” so you can focus on creating or using great products.
Okto solves some of the biggest challenges in blockchain, such as:
Chain Abstraction: Hiding the complexities of different networks.
Transaction Management: Simplifying how transactions are handled, even across multiple chains.
Liquidity Access: Ensuring assets can move easily and cheaply between blockchains.
User-Friendliness: Letting people with minimal knowledge of Web3 still enjoy blockchain benefits, thanks to simpler interfaces and features.
Whether you’re swapping tokens, interacting with DeFi, or minting NFTs, Okto ensures the behind-the-scenes complexities stay invisible.
The Core Components of the Okto Layer
Okto’s magic happens through four main components, each playing a crucial role in simplifying Web3:
Decentralized Wallet Networks (DWNs)
Unified Liquidity Layer (ULL)
Decentralized Transaction Networks (DTNs)
The Okto Chain
Let’s take a closer look at each. (Stay tuned for upcoming blogs where we’ll dive deeper into each one!)
1. Decentralized Wallet Networks (DWNs)
At the heart of Okto’s user experience is something called a Decentralized Wallet Network (DWN). If you’ve ever used multiple wallets across different blockchains, you know it can be a headache. The DWN fixes that by giving you a single, unified wallet that automatically works with multiple chains—whether it’s Ethereum, Solana, Aptos, or more.

Under the hood, the DWN uses delegated MPC signers—a network of decentralized, trust-minimized nodes that handle wallet keys securely. These MPC signers are connected to EigenLayer AVS (Actively Validated Services), which act as the hosting environment for these nodes. Okto runs an 11/20 MPC signing scheme in partnership with Silence Laboratories and other protocols. This means that out of the 20 nodes managing the MPC signing process, a threshold of 11 must collaborate to approve a transaction. This decentralized structure ensures that no single entity, including Okto, has unilateral control over the MPC signing nodes.
Key Features of DWN
Unified Wallet Experience: One wallet for Ethereum, Solana, Aptos, and beyond—no more juggling separate apps or losing track of private keys.
MPC-Based Security: Using multi-party computation (MPC) and Threshold Signature Schemes (TSS), the DWN ensures that private keys are never fully formed or exposed. Instead, multiple nodes collaboratively compute signatures, ensuring decentralization and resilience against attacks.
Trusted Execution Environments: Each node runs in a special secure zone called a TEE (Trusted Execution Environment), adding yet another layer of protection for your keys.
User-Centric Design: You can log in with everyday methods like Google or Facebook, so you won’t need seed phrases or hardware wallets. This makes onboarding faster and less intimidating.
In simpler terms, the DWN solves most of the usual wallet woes—complexity, fragmentation, and security—while delivering an easy “one wallet, many chains” approach.
2. Unified Liquidity Layer (ULL)
Next up is the Unified Liquidity Layer (ULL), which addresses one of the biggest pains in blockchain today: fragmented liquidity. If you’ve ever had to swap tokens between chains or pick the “right” cross-chain bridge, you’ll know how confusing and expensive it can get.
Think of the ULL as an “aggregator of aggregators.” It connects to various bridging and swapping solutions, such as LayerZero, Socket, and Wormhole, and automatically picks the best option to meet your goals—be it speed, cost, or security. This is all powered by the ERC-7683 standard, a common language that helps different blockchains work together smoothly across EVM and non-EVM chains, ensuring your swaps and transfers feel as smooth as if you were using just one blockchain.

Key Features of ULL
Aggregator of Aggregators: The ULL connects with multiple bridging and swapping solutions, including LayerZero, Socket, and Wormhole, and determines the most efficient route in real-time.
Automatic Path Optimization: Cross Chain interaction becomes much easier, for example, If you want to swap from USDC on Polygon to BNB on BNB Chain, the ULL checks all available routes and picks the one with the lowest cost or fastest speed.
ERC-7683 Compatibility: By leveraging this Ethereum standard, ULL ensures a unified approach to cross-chain liquidity, enabling seamless interaction across diverse ecosystems, including non-EVM chains like Solana and Aptos.
Solvers & Settlers: To speed up transactions, specialized roles called “solvers” front the liquidity on one chain, and then “settlers” finalize the trade on the other chain. This ensures fast, secure cross-chain movement of tokens. Want to learn more? Keep an eye out for our upcoming deep-dive blog!
Minimized Fees: While users pay network fees and a small Okto fee, the ULL's efficient routing and operation pooling often results in lower total costs compared to manual bridging.
In short, ULL makes cross-chain interactions feel like a single blockchain experience. No more back-and-forth between different bridges or swapping portals—just pick what you want, and ULL does the rest.
3. Decentralized Transaction Networks (DTNs)
While the DWN handles your wallet keys and the ULL sorts out cross-chain liquidity, there’s still a need for something to coordinate all these moving parts whenever you do a multi-step action. That’s where the Decentralized Transaction Network (DTN) comes into play.

The DTN is the “brain” coordinating all your same chain or multi-chain moves. Normally, you might do each step manually, clicking around and paying separate gas fees. With the DTN, everything is automated and sequenced or parallelly executed just how it needs to be done,, saving you money, time and stress.
Key Features of DTN
Complex Orchestration: Breaks down complicated tasks (e.g., “swap on Chain A, bridge to Chain B, stake on Chain B”) into smaller subtasks, then executes them in the right sequence.
On-Chain Verification: Logs each step’s proof on the Okto Chain, so you can verify that the process is transparent and trustless.
Seamless Interactions with DWN & ULL: Automatically requests signatures from the DWN (so you’re not bombarded with constant “sign” prompts) and checks the ULL for the best routes.
Error Handling & Retries: If a transaction fails due to network congestion or unexpected fees, the DTN retries automatically, so you don’t have to start over.
Asynchronous Capabilities: Easily handles tasks across different chains happening at different times, keeping everything coordinated without you having to supervise.
In essence, the DTN hides multi-chain complexity from you. Just tell it your end goal, and it figures out the rest.
4. The Okto Chain
You might be wondering: if the DWN manages wallets, the ULL connects liquidity, and the DTN orchestrates transactions, why does the Okto Layer need its own chain at all? The answer is decentralisation and trustlessness. The Okto Chain acts as the glue that keeps every part honest and well-organized via on-chain commitments/events.
First, let's be clear about what the Okto Chain isn't. It's not another blockchain competing for your assets, trying to be the next Ethereum, or aiming to become a major network. Instead, built as a ZK-based Layer 2 on Polygon CDK, it serves as a specialized command center that coordinates everything happening in the Okto ecosystem. It records key data, enforces rules, and ensures that all parts of Okto (DWN, ULL, DTN) behave correctly in a trustless, transparent way.
What Makes The Okto Chain a Game-Changer?
Immutable Ledger for Coordination: The Okto Chain records “jobs” or “intents” from the DTN, along with wallet permissions from the DWN. This means if the DTN says it will do a certain sequence of actions, that sequence is hashed into the chain as proof.
Policy and Permission Management: The chain stores your wallet’s permissions. It also keeps track of which bridging solutions or solvers are approved.
Scalability and Efficiency: Because it’s a rollup-based chain, the Okto Chain can manage high volumes of “coordination” tasks without bogging down a main chain. It inherits security from the bigger network but stays efficient and low-cost for these specialized operations.
Stand-Alone Ecosystem: Over time, more and more dApps can integrate the Okto Chain’s features. They can publish “Blocs” or “programmable scripts” here to define how they connect to the Okto ecosystem.
Proof Storage: Holds zero-knowledge proofs or hashed data that confirm what the DTN and DWN are supposed to do, preventing tampering or errors.
In simpler words, the Okto Chain makes sure every moving part does exactly what it promises—no more, no less.
How the Okto Layer Works
Let’s say you want to move USDC from Ethereum to BNB Chain and then stake it on BNB. Normally, this process would require multiple manual steps: finding a bridge, paying gas fees, swapping tokens, and finally staking. With the Okto Layer, all these complexities are abstracted into a single user request. Here's how it works step-by-step:

User Request via Gateway: You open a user-friendly DApp interface connected to the Okto Gateway and choose “transfer USDC from Ethereum to BNB Chain and stake it.” The Gateway checks the request and calculates costs.
Job Creation on the Okto Chain: Once validated, the Gateway sends your request to the Okto Chain, where it’s turned into a “job.” The job states your goal (bridge USDC, then stake).
Orchestration by the DTN: The DTN picks up the job and breaks it down into subtasks—like “move USDC from Ethereum to BNB Chain via the ULL,” then “stake the tokens on BNB Chain.” It executes them in the right order and retries if something goes wrong.
ULL for Liquidity: The DTN consults the ULL to determine the best bridging route. The ULL aggregates data from multiple cross-chain solutions, such as Socket or LayerZero, to find the optimal path factoring in speed, cost, and security, and sends these back to the DTN for processing.
Transaction Enhancement by DTN: The DTN prepares each transaction for real-world blockchain conditions by adding essential technical details like gas costs and nonce values. It verifies all signing accounts can pay for their transactions, either setting up paymasters or creating additional transactions to swap tokens for gas when needed. The DTN also arranges transactions in the optimal sequence, running independent ones in parallel to save time.
Only after this careful preparation is complete does the DTN send the transaction bundle to DWN for signing. This thorough setup ensures smooth execution across multiple blockchains.
Secure Signing by DWN: The DTN sends the complete transaction bundle to the DWN for signing. The DWN verifies that all details match what's recorded on the Okto Chain before using its MPC-secured nodes to sign the transactions. Once signed, everything goes back to the DTN for final processing.
Transaction Execution: The DTN manages the entire transaction lifecycle, protecting you from common Web3 issues like chain reorganizations, double spends, and gas price fluctuations. Here's how the execution flows:
Swapping on the source chain: The tokens get swapped as needed.
Bridging assets: The ULL’s solvers front liquidity to perform the bridging and later finalize settlement to reimburse themselves.
Swapping and staking on the destination chain: Tokens are converted and staked as per the user’s intent.
Throughout this process, the DTN watches each transaction until it's confirmed and guaranteed on the blockchain, ensuring nothing goes wrong.
Final Logs on Okto Chain: When all subtasks are done, the Okto Chain logs the final outcome—success or failure—so you have a transparent record.
User Sees Result: Your USDC is staked on BNB Chain. You only had to make one request and pay a single, all-inclusive fee, instead of jumping through multiple hoops.
This is an oversimplified example, but it shows you the big idea: multiple blockchains, multiple services, one single user request.
Conclusion
With blockchain technology rapidly expanding, the complexity of bridging, securing, and managing assets on different chains can be a huge stumbling block for both developers and everyday users. Okto addresses this directly by creating a powerful yet straightforward Layer that works across multiple blockchains, handling all the complex technical details behind the scenes.
DWN (Decentralized Wallet Network) streamlines and secures your multi-chain wallet.
ULL (Unified Liquidity Layer) delivers efficient bridging and swapping.
DTN (Decentralized Transaction Network) automates complex transactions behind the scenes.
The Okto Chain coordinates it all, recording actions so they can’t be tampered with.
While these components may sound complicated, the beauty of Okto lies in how effortlessly it hides this complexity. Developers can work with the Okto Layer through user-friendly SDKs and APIs, creating a Web2-like experience for building powerful applications. End-users get to enjoy chain-abstracted apps that make Web3 features easy to use through simple, approachable interfaces—all without needing to understand what's happening under the hood. Okto ensures all the complicated work remains invisible.
Want to learn more? Visit our website and check out our documentation to start building. Keep your eyes peeled for the upcoming Okto SDK V2, where you can try these features hands-on. We’ll also be publishing in-depth guides on each Okto component (DWN, ULL, DTN, and Okto Chain), so stay tuned for an even deeper dive into how this next-level middleware makes Web3 more approachable than ever.
Happy building, and welcome to the new era of chain abstraction!